Hazardous air pollutants haps or air toxics are pollutants with a known or suspected role in carcinogenesis or other health issues, including impaired fertility or teratogenesis. Environmental impacts of oil exploration and exploitation in the niger delta of nigeria. The european oil and gas industry has expanded hugely since the 1970s and a vast amount of money continues to be invested in the industry an estimated. Oil and gas industrial and ecosystem mechanical impacts of. Fumes across the fenceline 5 reduce pollution from the oil and gas industry can help protect the health of local communities while addressing global climate change. Mud is used to maintain well pressure and wall stability. The fifth section will highlight the recent developments in the oil and gas. Lifting the veil on oil and gas company spills and violations nrdc issue paper nrdc. Study of oil and gas extraction wastewater management. Drilling fluids and associated oil and gas wastes make up about 1. Information on oil and natural gas air pollution standards. Oil pollution is most common in large water bodies like seas and oceans. An assessment of the environmental implications of oil and. Environmental impacts of the oil and gas industries the sensitivity of exploration activities including the definition of no go times or conditions.
The volume of oil spillage due to oil cargo vessel accidents was investigated using tobit regressions and an empirical data set of individual vessel accident pollution incidents investigated by. Solids, liquids and gaseous forms of wastes and pollutants. This chapter aims to present the main environmental impacts of the oil and gas industry throughout the stages of exploration and discovery of new deposits, hydrocarbon production and oil refining. While oil and gas fracking has created new jobs and other benefits, it has also resulted in serious impacts to public health, air, water, land and north dakotans quality of life. Oil and gas drilling linked to air pollution key facts fracking. Cholakov university of chemical technology and metallurgy, sofia, bulgaria keywords. There have been over 25 major oil spills in the oceans of the world since 1967 when the torrey canyon ran aground off cornwall on march 18 discharging 38 million gallons 0. Environmental issues pollution prevention operations practical measures related to operational aspects vary from planning considerations and integration of environmental issues into engineering design, to application of onsite procedures aimed at reducing the risk of pollution. An assessment of the environmental implications of oil and gas. As oil and gas operations increasingly extend into neighborhoods across the united states, concerns have mounted about the impact of the industrys air pollution on the health of nearby communities.
General water pollution control permit permit number. Pdf control of pollution in the petroleum industry researchgate. Environmental pollution effects, management and treatment methods article pdf available july 2012 with 14,097 reads how we measure reads. This article focuses on the pollution that can result from producing, distributing, and or using oil, and natural gas as well as the equipment and procedures adopted by the oil and gas industry to prevent pollution. Assessing the emissions from the oil and gas development in. Ozone is linked to asthma attacks, hospital and emergency department visits, and increased. Environment is a system dynamically complex includes and. This environmental and social risk briefing covers. One in three americans lives in a county with oil and gas production. Assessing the emissions from the oil and gas development. The air in many latino communities violates air quality standards for ozone smog.
Natural environments and human health can be negatively affected. Air pollution from the oil and gas industry earthworks. Causes, consequences, prevention, and countermeasures. Study of oil and gas extraction wastewater management under.
Impacts and management of oil spill pollution along the. Leaks, flaring, and venting of this pollution occurs throughout the production, transmission and distribution. Report oil and gas pollution linked to asthma attacks. Oil pollution is primarily a manmade pollution and is a result of human irresponsible activities. Air pollution, chemical industry, crude oil, environmental pollution control, natural gas, petroleum products, petroleum refining, solid waste, water pollution. Reducing air pollution from the oil and natural gas industry. Pdf with the rise of an environmental protection movement, the petroleum industry. Frackings most wanted lifting the veil on oil and gas company spills and violations pdf april 2015 ip. Oil spill occurs due to the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the aquatic environment. Oil pollution is an ever present threat in the marine environment with large numbers of spills, both large and small, being recorded every year european environment agency, 2006.
Oil pollution is one of the most predominant forms of ocean pollution causing severe damages to amenities, ecosystems, and resources. It also addresses the issue of environmental risks in the industry and possible accidents that may arise from its activities. Jun 11, 2019 oil and natural gas production and processing, especially when the gas is sour or sulfurrich, involves sulfur dioxide emission, causing respiratory illness. Whereas, the office of oil and gas is charged to perform all duties as the permit issuing. Despite improvements in environmental management the expansion of the oil and gas sector has inevitably resulted in an increase in the pollution produced by this industry. Egaspin with regards to oil spills requires that the oil companies. Environmental policies and strategies in nigeria oil and gas. Unfortunately, the same energy that brings us comfort, convenience, and prosperity also brings us pollution, impoverishment, and. Environmental management in oil and gas exploration and. Water pollution prevention opportunities in petroleum refineries. Produced water constitutes about 98 percent of all oil and gas waste. A report in the scientific american found that fracked wells leak 40 to 60 percent more methane than conventional natural gas wells. Pollution includes contaminants in the air, in water, or on land.
Flaring of natural gas and contaminates at a producing oil and gas well. The oil and gas industry is the largest industria l source of voc emissions in the u. Epa announced in january 2015 that, in addition to voluntary measures, it will propose rules to require the industry reduce this pollution. Air pollution, chemical industry, crude oil, environmental pollution control, natural gas, petroleum products, petroleum refining, solid waste, water. Root causes of water pollution from oil and gas operations. The dramatic upsurge in regional oil and gas production in recent years is expected to continue. Chapter 15 effects of oil and gas production on groundwater. The paper recommends that government and the oil and gas industries revisit the existing policies to incooperate compensation for damages due to oil spills, or enact a separate law specifically.
Aug 18, 2015 earthworks fact sheet text of the fact sheet. The regulations are made pursuant to section 8 i b iii of the petroleum act 1969 which em. Pollution is associated with virtually all activities throughout all stages of oil and gas production, from. Pollution control regulations in the oil and gas operations are governed by the principal legislation of petroleum act 1969. In the waste not report, clean air task force catf, the natural resources defense council nrdc, and the sierra club called for epa regulations to cut. The following applications can be read online or saved to your hard disk for completion. As revised in 2002 constitution from the 1991 version, egaspin mandates is to minimise oil pollution to the least minimum 17. Methane, the main component of natural gas and a powerful pollutant, is. Environmental issues of petroleum exploration and production. Oil spills, damaged land, accidents and fires, and incidents of air and water pollution have all been recorded at various times and places. The vapors given off when gasoline evaporates and the substances produced when gasoline is burned carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and unburned hydrocarbons contribute to air pollution. The fourth part of this article will highlight the environmental impact assessment regime in nigeria and analyze its effectiveness.
Oil pollution across antarctica is low compared with other regions of the world, concentrated at. Gpwvi 88 whereas, the office of oil and gas has full charge of the oil and gas matters set out in 22 61 et seq. Production of crude oil and natural gas is a major operation of the petroleum industry which involves nearly 100 countries around the world 2. Air pollution issues associated an overview of environmental and public health risks and the need for improved regulation and industry practices is presented in a recent report of the national petroleum council. Solid wastes such as drill cuttings are typically managed through landfilling or onsite disposal in pits. Expanded production and potential impacts have increased the need for full and effective regulation of oil and gas production. A decade of petroleum company disaster, pollution, and profit. Chinas pollution nightmare creates opportunities for lng.
Refineries outside washington 7 general refinery operating and maintenance practices 8 minimization of tank bottoms 8 improved oil recovery from sludge 10 minimization of desalter solids and oil under carry 10 minimization of spent filter clay disposal and hydrocarbon losses 11. Pdf environmental and economic impacts of crude oil and. Marine water is especially affected by this form of pollution. Coal nuclear energy alternative energy resources air pollution summary at the heart of modern society lies an economy driven by energy use. As a result of ozone increases due to oil and gas emissions.
The process of drilling oil and gas wells generates a variety of different. Environmental impacts of oil exploration and exploitation. Unep has responded by reinforcing its contacts with industry associations to undertake joint publication and training projects. A second goal was to better understand any potential need for, and any concerns over, additional discharge options under the cwa for onshore oil and gas wastewater. The third part of this article will analyze the laws on gas flaring in the oil and gas sector in nigeria. Drilling during drilling, a drilling mud is continuously circulated between the well and the platform through a riser pipe. A recent study commissioned by the ground water protection council gwpc determined that roughly 70% of nearly 400 cases of ground water pollution caused by the oil and gas industry over two decades in texas and ohio stemmed from mistakes made at the surface rather than from downhole problems. Control of pollution in the petroleum industry eolss. Burning gasoline also produces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. Environmental management in oil and gas exploration and production.